parasite: applies to one who clings to a person of wealth, power, or influence or is useless to society: a jet-setter with the usual entourage of ~s.   （jet-setter常乘飞机旅行的富豪） (entourage随从;随行人员)


sycophant: adds to this a strong suggestion of fawning, flattery, or adulation: a military dictator who would only listen to ~s.     (fawning,flattery,adulation都是谄媚奉承,不区分)


toady: emphasizes the servility and snobbery of the self-seeker: the president's own ~ made others grovel.   （百万英镑里的店员叫Tod，暗指这个词）  (self-seeker: 自私自利的人)  （grovel: 1、卑躬屈膝俯首帖耳 2、爬行=crawl如找东西）


hanger-on: usually contemptuous, refers to someone who habitually keeps company with or depends unduly on others for favor: kept tripping on her ~.       (habitually keeps company with...习惯性追随)


leech: stresses persistence in clinging to or bleeding another for one's own advantage: ~es who abandoned her when the money ran out.


sponge: stresses the parasitic laziness, dependence, opportunism, and pettiness of the cadger: her brother, a shiftless ~, often came by for a free meal.    (cadger乞丐，索要的人)


parasite寄生虫: 指依附权势，对社会无用的人，sycophant谄媚: 增加了谄媚奉承，toady马屁: 指谄媚势利自私的人，hanger-on随从: 习惯性追随依赖，leech吸血水蛭: 象水蛭一样依附吸血，sponge海绵、揩蹭好处: 指乞丐般懒惰依赖投机琐屑


记忆方法: 1) 首字母组合PLS THS: 请、这个<==谄媚的语言

         2) 谄媚的意思是谄媚奉承或自私自利的人mean an obsequious flatter or self-seeker.字母组合PLS THS: 请、这个<==谄媚的语言